Surveying
may be classified based on:
Nature of the field
of survey
Instruments used for surveying
Object of survey
Method employed
Instruments used for surveying
Object of survey
Method employed
Classification of surveying based on nature of the field of survey
Land Survey:
Land
surveying is three types:
Topographical surveys
Cadastral surveys
City surveys
Topographical Surveys:
This type of survey consists of
the location of horizontal and vertical
bound points by various linear and angular measurements.
It is created to view the natural
features of a country like rivers, streams, lakes, woods, hills, etc., and
artificial features such as roads, railways, canals, cities and villages.
Cadastral Surveys:
These surveys are done to fix the
property lines, to transfer of land property from one owner to a different or
for the calculation of surface area.
They are also done to fix the
boundaries of municipalities, State and Federal jurisdictions.
City Surveys:
This type of survey is done for
the development of streets, water and sewer systems, and other similar works.
Marine or Hydrographic Survey:
This
type of survey deals with water bodies for navigation purpose, harbour works, water
supply system or for the determination of mean sea level.
The
type of survey consists of measurement of discharge in streams, locating
soundings to work out the depth of water, topographic survey of shores and
banks, and observing the fluctuations of the ocean tide.
Astronomical Survey
This
type of survey is used to determine the direction of the line on the earth
surface and absolute location of a point or the absolute location.
This
type of survey employed in observations with respect to the heavenly bodies
such as the sun or star.
Instruments used for surveying
Based
on the instrument used, surveying is generally classified into the following
types:
Chain
survey
Compass
survey
Plane
table survey
Theodolite
survey
Tacheometric
survey
Modern
survey using EDM and total distance
Photogrammetric
survey
Aerial
survey
(The
definitions and links for each surveying will be updated soon).
Classification of surveying based on the object of survey
Engineering Survey
This
type of survey is done to determine the quantities and data required for the
engineering works such as roads and reservoirs, or those connected with the sewage
disposal or water supply.
Military Survey
This
type of survey is used in determining the points of strategic importance in the
military.
Mine Survey
This
type of survey is used for exploring the
mineral wealth of an area.
Geological Survey
This
type of survey is used to determine different strata in the earth crust.
Classification of surveying based on the methods employed
Triangulation:
In
this method, surveying is carried out by
establishing the control points through a network of triangles.
Traversing:
In
this method, surveying is carried out by setting the control points which consist
of a series of connected points that are established through linear and angular
measurements.
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